Nowadays the popularity of multimedia content distribution over Internet is increasing. Providing live stream or video on demand services over Internet is a challenging problem for providers because:

  • video streaming is an high bandwidth demand service
  • there are scalability issues due to a large number of clients to serve (Multicasting)

In order to reduce the bandwidth requirements for content providers, the best solution is using End System Multicasting over Peer-To-Peer (P2P) networks.

Overlay.png

End System Multicasting is a solution for one-to-many and many-to-many distribution services. Classical (IP) Multicast is based on minimal functionalities offered by IP level and it lacks of flow and congestion control, session management, and so on. End System Multicasting implements advanced distribution services at application level, so each node being involved in the distribution should forward the stream to several other nodes using a one-to-one protocol (TCP or UDP). P2P topologies should reduce this flow duplication.

In this presentation (Overlay Networks) is described the state of art of IP Multicasting. The main issues involved in this research field are the following:

  • How node informations ought to be sent from one peer to the others?
  • How the peers ought to be organized in the overlay network?
    • use tree-based...
    • ...or mesh based topologies?
  • Routing:
    • Use a central node in order to organize peers join/leave?
    • Use Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) routing in order to reduce paths depth?
  • Fragmentation:
    • In the case of file download, more fragments can be received and reordered
    • In the live stream case, fragmentation is impossible
    • Use Multiple Description Coding (MDC)?
    • Use cache fragmentation?

References

  • Chu, Y. and Rao, SG and Seshan, S. and Zhang, H.
    A case for end system multicast
    Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on, 2002 (PDF)
  • Jannotti, J. and Gifford, D.K. and Johnson, K.L. and Kaashoek, M.F. and O'Toole, J.
    Overcast: Reliable multicasting with an overlay network
    Proc. OSDI 2000 (PDF)
  • Guo, Y. and Suh, K. and Kurose, J. and Towsley, D.
    P2Cast: peer-to-peer patching scheme for VoD service
    Proceedings of the twelfth international conference on World Wide Web - ACM Press New York, NY, USA, 2003 (PDF)
  • Deshpande, H. and Bawa, M. and Garcia-Molina, H.
    Streaming Live Media over a Peer-to-Peer Network
    , 2002
  • Padmanabhan, V.N. and Wang, H.J. and Chou, P.A. and Sripanidkulchai, K.
    Distributing streaming media content using cooperative networking
    Proceedings of the 12th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video - ACM Press New York, NY, USA, 2002 (PDF)
  • Zhuang, S.Q. and Zhao, B.Y. and Joseph, A.D. and Katz, R.H. and Kubiatowicz, J.D.
    Bayeux: an architecture for scalable and fault-tolerant wide-area data dissemination
    ACM Press New York, NY, USA, 2001 (PDF)
  • Castro, M. and Druschel, P. and Kermarrec, A.M. and Rowstron, AIT
    Scribe: a large-scale and decentralized application-level multicast infrastructure
    Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on, 2002 (PDF)
  • Bharambe, A. and Rao, S. and Padmanabhan, V. and Seshan, S. and Zhang, H.
    The Impact of Heterogeneous Bandwidth Constraints on DHT-Based Multicast
    , 2005 (PDF)
  • Sripanidkulchai, K. and Ganjam, A. and Maggs, B. and Zhang, H.
    The feasibility of supporting large-scale live streaming applications with dynamic application end-points
    Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications, ACM Press New York, NY, USA, 2004 (PDF)

Nowadays the popularity of multimedia content distribution over Internet is increasing. Providing live stream or video on demand services over Internet is a challenging problem for providers because:

In order to reduce the bandwidth requirements for content providers, the best solution is using End System Multicasting over Peer-To-Peer (P2P) networks.

Overlay.png

End System Multicasting is a solution for one-to-many and many-to-many distribution services. Classical (IP) Multicast is based on minimal functionalities offered by IP level and it lacks of flow and congestion control, session management, and so on. End System Multicasting implements advanced distribution services at application level, so each node being involved in the distribution should forward the stream to several other nodes using a one-to-one protocol (TCP or UDP). P2P topologies should reduce this flow duplication.

In this presentation (Overlay Networks) is described the state of art of IP Multicasting. The main issues involved in this research field are the following:

References[edit]